Summary Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Summary Of Hamlet Essay Summary Of The PlayHamletBy: Amanda WellmanIts a story of murder, betrail, hatred all rapped up in one astonishing play. An amazing play in fact, one of which I thought was the best Shakespear ever wrote. There are some many different themes in the book. It a play that I would suggest anyone to read if there looking for a great story! Brief SummaryHamlet is the son of the late King Hamlet (of Denmark), who died two months before the start of the play. After King Hamlets death, his brother, Claudius, becomes king, and marries King Hamlets widow, Gertrude (Queen of Denmark). We will write a custom essay on Summary Of Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Young Hamlet fears that Claudius killed his own brother (Hamlets father) to become king of Denmark, greatly angering Hamlet. Two officers, Marcellus and Barnardo, summon Hamlets friend Horatio, and later Hamlet himself to see the late King Hamlets ghost appear at midnight. The ghost tells Hamlet privately that Claudius had indeed murdered King Hamlet by pouring poison in his ear. Hamlet is further enraged and plots of how to revenge his fathers death. In his anger, Hamlet seems to act like a madman, prompting King Claudius, his wife Gertrude, and his advisor Polonius to send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on Hamlet and figure out why he is acting mad. Hamlet even treats Polonius daughter Ophelia rudely, prompting Polonius to believe Hamlet is madly in love with her, though Claudius expects otherwise. Polonius, a man who talks too long- windedly, had allowed his son Laertes to go to France (then sent Reynaldo to spy on Laertes) and had ordered Ophelia not to associate with Hamlet. Claudius, fearing Hamlet may try to kill him, sends Hamlet to England. Before leaving, however, Hamlet convinces an acting company to reenact King Hamlets death before Claudius, in the hopes of causing Claudius to break down and admit to murdering King Hamlet. Though Claudius is enraged, he does not admit to murder. Hamlets mother tries to reason with Hamlet after the play, while Polonius spied on them from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him through the curtain, thinking the person is Claudius. When finding out the truth, Hamlet regrets the death, yet Claudius still sends him to England, accompanied by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with orders from Claudius that the English kill Hamlet as soon as her arrives. After Hamlet leaves, Laertes returns from France, enraged over Polonius death. Ophelia reacts to her fathers death with utter madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns, further angering Laertes. En route to England, Hamlet finds the orders and changes them to order Rosencrantz and Guildenstern killed, as does occur, though Hamlet is kidnapped by pirates one day later. The pirates return Hamlet to Claudius (for a ransom), and Claudius tries one last attempt to eliminate Hamlet: he arranges a sword duel between Laertes and Hamlet. The trick, however, is that the tip of Laertes sword is poisoned. As a backup precaution, Claudius poisons the victory cup in case Hamlet wins. During the fight, the poisoned drink is offered to Hamlet, he declines, and instead his mother, Gertrude, drinks it (to the objection of Claudius). Laertes, losing to Hamlet, illegally scratches him with the poisoned sword to ensure Hamlets death. Hamlet (unknowingly), then switches swords with Laertes, and cuts and poisons him. The queen dies, screaming that she has been poisoned and Laertes, dying, admits of Claudius treachery. Weakening, Hamlet fatally stabs Claudius, Laertes dies, and Hamlet begins his death speech. Though Horatio wants to commit suicide out of sorrow, Hamlet entreats him to tell the story of King Hamlets death and Rosencrantz and Guildensterns deaths to all. Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, arrives from conquest of England, and Hamlets last dying wish is that Fortinbras become the new King of Denmark. Words/ Pages : 632 / 24

Secrecy in America essays

Secrecy in America essays According to a survey performed for the Defense Department in 1996, it was found that the majority of U.S. citizens believe that the government withholds too much information by classifying it as a secret. In this book, Secrecy: The American Experience, Senator Daniel P. Moynihan reinforces that view. This is a distinctive book with numerous weaknesses, some errors, and one great strength. The weakness is that the book shows controversial arguments rather than a policy analysis. Moynihan has a particular view he wants to advance, and he is not interested in considering alternate explanations or exploring evidence that is contradictory with his view. Moynihan marks the start of modern secrecy with the Espionage Act. Most of the distinctive features of twentieth-century secrecy are rooted in the program to build the atomic bomb, including vast secret budgets and cover stories. I particularly enjoyed the book in that it told the truth of past events. I did not like that the book was written from only Moynihans point of view and did not discuss other opinions. I enjoyed the book because it is nonfiction and reveals the truth of secrecy in America. Most importantly I found it interesting that this book was written by Senator Moynihan rather than by an ordinary person who would make many assumptions in order to write a book about secrecy. This US senator from New York analyzes the roots of Americas obsession with government secrecy and pleads for its dismantling. This book is not primarily an insiders account of the Government in action. It is, more ambitiously, a historical assessment of the culture of secrecy, particularly in the area of foreign policy. Moynihan cites the CIAs failure to forecast the end of the Soviet Union as yet another deviation caused by secrecy. In his view, the CIA simply failed at its most important task. It is possible that all of tho...

Cancer affecting life

It wasn’t the summer I hoped it would be. Just before my senior year of high school, my mother and grandmother both were diagnosed with cancer, my mother with colon cancer and my grandmother with pancreatic cancer. That summer, I did what I could to help out my mom. I drove her to the Cancer Center in Oconomowoc or would pick her up from there. I did chores, made her food, and did anything else I could to me her feel comfortable. Sure, I wasn’t the perfect child. I still got on her nerves, but I did mean good and I didn’t want her to be angry. I just wanted to he be happy, healthy, strong and everything to go back to how it was. At the age of 46, having cancer was a tremendous shock to my mom and my family. I can remember when my parents told the results of the test done on the tumor the doctors found. I was in my mom’s hospital room visiting. My dad sat my brother and me down. Then he said it the word no one ever wants to hear â€Å"cancer†. Given she had cancer she pushed through it. She still went to work, and did what she could to help around the house. It didn’t go unnoticed by my dad and brothers. My dad would tell me â€Å"yeah that’s your mother for you, she’s a trooper.† And I would agree and nod my head. Now my grandmother is a whole different story. She, like my mom, is a tough girl. But unlike my mom, she was diagnosed with breast cancer in February of 2002. She was more reserved when it came to her needing help with things. She is one of those people who never asks for help and doesn’t want people to feel sorry for her. She just wants the family to be happy and not have to worry about her. I look up to her in that way—being able to handle things by myself without the help of others. But I also understand the importance of help from others because I don’t know everything there is to know about life†¦ not yet. It wasn’t the summer I hoped it would be. But I feel like I learned a lot from my summer. Not everything will go perfect forever and when it doesn’t you have to realize it and take action to help support the ones you love and make what they are going through easier and stress-free.

U.A.E - the Greatest Industrial Hubs Term Paper

U.A.E - the Greatest Industrial Hubs - Term Paper Example Huge amount of investment is going on in this industry all over the world. This situation is not only encouraging more innovations in the field but also creating great and positive competitions in the world between different telecommunication companies. Middle East known by its enriched oil resources all over the world and this region is also a part of economical, political and social changes taking place all over the world since the time being. Most of the Middle East is known by west as biased towards fundamentalism concepts of religion. U.A.E has played a vital role in developing healthier and positive relations between west and east effectively (Etihad). Etisalat is the major telecommunication company in United Arab Emirates U.A.E and it is also one of the main companies present in Arabian Peninsula and Africa. It was founded in 1976 and became leading telecommunication service provider in the region. Over the last few years it has became one of the greatest corporations in the w orld creating partnerships with different telecommunication companies that are present in the world. It not only enabled U.A.E to have basic telecommunication services. ...Etisalat is the first company of the region which used Geographical information systems (GIS). Network convergence which is a concept becoming reality now days GIS is used by the company to specify network operations, increasing of customer satisfaction and relations and providing a way for innovations and developments. Over the years Etisalat is the company which has done many in-house updates accommodation all the modern ideas happening in this field. Etisalat is the company which has focused itself delivering innovative services and speeding of social and economic growth (Etislat 2011, 2-9). Etisalat’s international acquisition started from 2004 by wining second mobile phone license and first 3G services license in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Etisalat is the company which has experienced a great innovation in the field and became one of the greatest expanding companies. The satellite network of company covers almost two-third of earth’s surface. For almost 40 years Etisalat has helped its mother nation U.A.E to sustain its image as one of the greatest business hub present in the region. It provides reliable and high quality services favoring foreign investments. It is the one of the companies which has put its mother nation in top 10 countries regarding telecommunication services. Etisalat is the pioneer regarding the practicing of new technologies for both fixed line and wireless networks. It has installed first fiber optic network making Abu-Dhabi first city to have fiber optic network (Etisalat 2011, pages 3 to10). Etisalat is a multinational company which has companies from all over the world as its partners.

Islam in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Islam in the modern world - Essay Example In the words of Groff & Smoker (1996), â€Å"fundamentalism or religious extremism or fanaticism--when religions claim their version of religion is the only one--are seen as an extreme form of the socially-learned aspect of religion and one not conducive to creating world peace†. In most of the instances, these religious teachings are observed to be quite traditional and introduced in the early centuries. Since then, these religions have been strongly influenced with the inclusion of various modern thinking in the daily lifestyle of human beings as well as revolutions which at times deliberately contradicted the initially developed religious beliefs (Ahmad & Reifeld, 2004). From a materialistic point of view, it can be affirmed that with changes taking place amid the human society in the due course of action, religious beliefs have been and is most likely to be contradicted repeatedly (Calma & Gershevitch, 2009). Contradictions in Islam were also quite apparent in its chronolo gical practices. It has often been argued that during the introductory phase of Islam, Christianity and Hinduism faced various disadvantageous dilemmas in comparison to Islamism. However, with the passing time, Islamism has been repeatedly contradicted with regards to the religious definition that it provides for human rights and equality, especially in relation to gender (Hitchens, 2009; Abdel-Latif, 2008). The so called ongoing Egyptian Revolution of 2011-12 can also be argued on with regards to the contradictory beliefs currently existing in relation to the implications of Islamism (Gad, 2011). The below discussion will thereby be focused on the contradictions currently witnessed in Islamism in the plight of the recent Egyptian Revolution of 2011. The Egyptian Revolution 2011-12 The recent Egyptian Revolution of 2011 is witnessed from various perspectives by the worldwide experts, analysts and critiques. While a few of the experts view the revolution as the aftermath of the conti nuous social and economic failings. Corruption, brutality witnessed to be practiced by the law enforcers majorly including the police, unjust implementations of political prohibitions restricting the human rights to vote freely, inflationary rates, stagnant unemployment and also the practice of inequality in terms of religion, sex and wealth distribution as well (Meguid & et. al., 2011). Others view the revolution as a new opening towards a broader concept of Islamism with the virtues of greater democracy and equality within the population introduced by the hands of the youth (Engdahl, 2011; Wahba, 2011). However, it is worth mentioning that the revolution did not take place with Islamism as its primary reason. The revolution was actually caused due to the ongoing economic, social as well as political malpractices within the economy under the veil of Islamism, to a certain extent. As stated by Claret (2011), â€Å"in a country like Egypt where nothing is conceivable without Islam o r eastern Christianity...† The early as well as the current research based on the political, economic and social processes within Egypt along with other Middle Eastern nations have often claimed religion to be in the position of a vanguard in relation to the unjust functioning of political leaders, police and other social leaders (Claret, 2011). As a matter of fact, Egypt is known to be one of the strongest believers of Islam and is thus known

Mexican Americans in American Popular Culture Essay Example for Free

Mexican Americans in American Popular Culture Essay It is a known fact that modern entertainment media created certain images and stereotypes of Latin, Asian and other ethnic minorities living in our country. American cinema movies, TV series or even PC games mostly picture the members of Latin and Mexican cultures as aggressive tempered mustached guys, who smoke and fight a lot, and who are always involved in drug distribution or some criminal activities. This tendency had very negative effects on our minds, and many of our citizens are convinced that there are no educated, good-mannered and decent people in Mexican communities. I was always wondering why it happens this way, and studying some historic material, including the articles from the site Digital History, helped me to find some answers on this question. This tendency proved to have a long history and it was formed during the second and the third decades of the twentieth century, when Hollywood producers started expressing their concern and fears caused by the afflux of talented Mexican actors, including Lupe Velez or Dolores Del Rio, their success and public recognition in the US. That is why many performers of Latin origin were given the roles of bandits, thieves and other not attractive characters. After the World War II a number of movies were produced, in which the directors tried to restore the image of Mexican Americans, but after the 1960s, when the problems of illegal immigration from the South became topical, caricaturizing the Mexicans continued. During the last decades, negative characters of Hispanic origin have been appearing in many popular cinema movies or TV series, starting from Chico and the Man and ending with 24. Also, a great contribution to reinforcing the distorted images of the Mexicans was made by a series of popular video games Grand Theft Auto (GTA). In my opinion, this situation is really dejecting, and I am convinced that recent attempts of Mexican artists to demonstrate their true cultural identity and unique distinctive heritage must be supported in our society, and their ethnic voices must be heard.

The Car Industry :: Automotive Industry

The Automotive Industry In the U.S., the 2007 market was approximately 15.9 million cars and light trucks sold, down from about 16.5 million the previous year. Production in North America, during 2006, including cars and trucks of all types, totaled 11.8 million produced in America, 2.6 million produced in Canada and 2 million produced in Mexico. Globally, about 53 million new cars were sold in 2007, up from about 49 million the previous year. These estimates are from Scotiabank Group. There are approximately 244 million vehicles in operation in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007. By 2020, that number will reach 1 billion. Currently, those vehicles burn nearly 260 billion gallons of fuel yearly. In the U.S., as of 2006, the industry included about 21,200 new-car dealerships, 1.07 million manufacturing employees and 1.12 million retail new and used car dealership employees. Total revenues at new-car and light truck dealers exceed $675 billion, according to NADA. The years of 2004 through 2006 will long be remembered as a pivotal period in the automobile industry. It was a period during which high gasoline prices started a sea change among U.S. consumers that is finally creating significant demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. Gasoline prices of approximately $2.00 per gallon started taking a huge bite out of family budgets in 2004, and many middle-class consumers who owned fuel guzzling SUVs and pickup trucks began to wish they had vehicles that were much less expensive to operate. By 2005-2006, with gasoline prices in the $3.00 range, the party was over for traditional, large SUVs. While gasoline prices moderated during much of 2007, they were still in the $2.70 range in most markets. One result was the phenomenal demand for Toyota's Prius hybrid car. Toyota responded by raising the price and planning production increases. Meanwhile, Toyota made investments in its Georgetown, Kentucky plant to enable it to manufacture 48,000 hybrid Camrys yearly there by late 2006Ââ€"Toyota will likely wish it had created even more hybrid capacity. Meanwhile, there has been good demand for Toyota's Lexus RX400h hybrid crossover. Ford launched its first hybrids, and other carmakers, including GM, were greatly encouraged in their own efforts to bring more hybrids to the market. However, response to hybrids from U.S. makers has been lukewarm at best. Consumers generally aren't as impressed with U.S. hybrid technology as they are with that of Toyota models, and actual mileage results on the road have been disappointing, largely due to driver habits such as quick acceleration which uses more fuel.

I Spy

To compare these three short stories, â€Å"l Spy' by Graham Greene, â€Å"The Mark on the Wall† by Virginia Woolf and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, we have to take into consideration aspects like plot, points of view, conflicts, theme and also, if occurs, symbolism. â€Å"l Spy' takes place during the first World War. The main character is Charlie Stowe, 2 years old kid. The story shows the idea of fear coming from both Charlie and his father.Charlie is afraid that he will get caught when he leaves home in the middle of the night and hides in his father's tobacconist's shop. His father is afraid that he will be arrested for being a spy. The story is told by an third-person narrator. Author used central consciousness in narration, so he takes a reader inside a character's ind to reveal perceptions, thoughts, and feelings on a conscious or unconscious level, suggesting the flow of thought as well as content.Complete sentences may give way to fragments as t he character's mind makes rapid associations free of conventional logic or transitions. The reader can feel what the character feels. â€Å"l Spy', â€Å"The Mark on the Wall† and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† – Comparison conventional logic or transitions. The reader can feel what the character feels. I Spy By chonio

The Fifteenth Amendment

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote-based on that citizen's â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude†. It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments.In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of black former slaves. By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal protection under the laws, but the narrow election of Ulysses S. Grant to the presidency in 1868 convinced a majority of Republicans that protecting the franchise of black voters was important for the party's future. After rejecting more sweeping versions of a suffrage amendment, Congress proposed a compromise amendment banning franchise restrictions on the basis of race, color, or previous servitude on February 26, 1869.The amendment survived a difficult ratification fight and was adopted on March 30, 1870.United States Supreme Court decisions in the late nineteenth century interpreted the amendment narrowly, and by 1910, most black voters in the South faced obstacles such as poll taxes and literacy tests, from which white voters were exempted by grandfather clauses. A system of whites-only primaries and violent reprisals by groups such as the Ku Klux Klan also suppressed black participation.In the twentieth century, the Court interpreted the amendment more broadly, striking down grandfather clauses in Guinn v. United States (1915) and dismantling the white primary system in the â€Å"Texas primary cases† (1927–1953).Along with later measures such as the Twenty-fourth Amendment, which forbade poll taxes in federal elections, and Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), which forbade poll taxes in state elections, these decisions significantly increased bl ack participation in the American political system.

Business Ownership Essays

Business Ownership Essays Business Ownership Essay Business Ownership Essay When a business is being set up, the proprietor(s) will decide what type of business ownership to follow. Business ownership will alter for expansion, liability and legal purposes. In this assignment, I will be addressing each category of business ownership, giving advantages and disadvantages in addition to business examples. There are six different forms of business ownership, these are: 3. Private Limited Company (Ltd) 4. Public Limited Company (Plc.) 5. Franchise 6. Co-operative Sole Trader A Sole Trader is any business owned and controlled by one single proprietor. Although the business may only have one owner, the sole proprietor may employ secondary workers. Sole traders do not have a separate legal existence from their owner. Consequently, the owner is personally liable for the business’s debt which may have to be paid out of the owners’ personal capital- this is called Unlimited Liability. The first thing needed to start a sole proprietorship is to document your trading name. As simple as this sounds, one must be very cautious about choosing a name as the wrong name can get you into difficulties. If you are going to work under an alternative name to your personal birth name you must display the name of the owner and an address where documents and records can be served and at your premises. Design letterheads, business cards and signage accordingly. The registering of a business name must be done via the National Business Register. Certain words and expressions such as international, federation and registered are restricted under the Business Names Act 1985 and the Company and Business Names Regulations 1995. Companies House and the National Business Register have lists of these words and details of how to obtain approval to use them. Your business name is not allowed to be the same or too similar to that of another business. If this name does conflict the business of another owner, you could face legal action from the owner of the other business. Check phone books, trade journals and magazines to ensure against any clashes. Also check records of the National Business Register. If you yourself cannot be sure that you have checked all names similar to your own, contact a solicitor. A solicitor will make all necessary checks and also make sure that no business in the future will not conflict your business by trading under a name that is the same or too similar. Advantages- There are few legal formalities in setting up a sole-trading business (the only one being to inform HM Revenue and Customs), which makes starting one simple and quick for anybody. Another advantage is that registration fees are unnecessary and the trader has full control of the running of the business. Also, keeping records and accounts is very simple. Sole Traders can set their own work hours- this allows them to juggle childcare or other careers. Sole Traders also have the ability to make quick decisions as they have nobody to confer with. Disadvantages- Sole Traders have unlimited liability. This means that if the business gets into a lot of debt, the trader’s assets (e.g. home, car etc.) may be taken from them in order to make up the bank’s capital. Banks are reluctant to lend to sole traders, as a consequence- there will be a lack of funding. The sole trader also has full responsibility for the business, which may result in stress. Another downside is that they must produce their own account for Inland Revenue. Why Would a Sole Trader Change to a Partnership? There are various reasons as to why a sole trader would change to a partnership. If a Sole Trader became successful, expansion could be easier if joined with somebody else. The workload is shared between the partners, but so is the profit capital. If one partner wants to expand into another field, it would be highly beneficial to employ a partner with expertise in that particular field. Business Examples Duke’s (a successful interior painting and decorating sole trader) would find it advantageous to expand into a partnership if he decides to spread his business into exterior decorating, employing a partner with skill in that area. This would help the business to expand and workload would be shared. The fact that this exterior decorator has experience elsewhere means that this business can easily spread into new fields. Another business example of a Sole Trader expanding into becoming a partnership is a successful plumber by the name of Webber. Although he is benefitting from high salary and choosing his own working hours, his workload is becoming too much for him to handle. It is for this reason why he would want to share his workload by getting a partner to both share the workload thus reducing stress and to invest capital into the business- allowing it to expand. Partnerships A partnership is very similar to a sole trader in that they have unlimited liability and are very simple to set up. The only significant difference is that a partnership may have 2 to 20 partners. A contract called a deed of partnership is usually written. This states the type of partnership, how much capital each party has funded, and how profits and losses will be shared. A ‘Sleeping Partner’ can also be involved in partnerships- these are partners that invest in the business but do not deal with the overall running of the business. Advantages- There are few legal formalities in setting up a partnership business, which makes starting one simple and quick for anybody. The workload is shared between the partners and if the partners come to an agreement or are friends, they tend to be flexible with one another- which makes the job less stressful. Due to the business having more workers than a sole trader, it has a better chance at generating other sources of finance such as that from loans etc. Another advantage is that, during times of absence such as sick days and holidays, the partners can cover each other very simply. Disadvantages- Unlimited liability is a large downfall in partnerships, which means that they are completely liable for the whole business if it owes money to banks etc. and although banks will be more willing to lend to partnerships than sole traders, they are still not eager to do so. Profit capital is also shared between the partnership, meaning that the more partners involved, the less salary they will earn. Another disadvantage is that any arrangements or decisions based on the business are legally binding to all partners. Finally, a partnership is terminated if one single partner dies which means that a new partnership must be created after that one partners’ death. Why would a partnership change ownership to a limited company? There are many advantageous reasons as to why a partnership would change ownership to a limited company. Firstly, they would be able to raise extra capital through selling parts of their company. Secondly, they have the added advantage of limiting their liabilities. Limited liability is an important legal protection for shareholders as they only risk losing the amount of money that they have invested in the business and not their own personal assets. Once the business has changed ownership, this means that if the business fails, the shareholders only lose the money invested in the business; their own personal assets, such as their home, are not at risk. This makes people more willing to invest their money in the business as the risk is reduced but shares cannot be sold on the Stock Exchange. Another very good advantage is that the death or resignation of any director does not affect the structure of the company. This is a strong advantage because the company continues to trade as before. Business Examples Pictured left is a deed of partnership. A deed of partnership is a legally binding agreement between the partners who are in business together. It describes how the partnership will be run, the rights of the partners and the percentage of profits each member will earn. Although ultimately an agreement between the partners, a solicitor is usually hired to write up the final deed so that any loopholes are covered. An example of a partnership is Axholme estate agent partnership- Grice and Hunter. Although Grice and Hunter will benefit from having up to twenty partners allowed in this type of ownership to invest capital and share the workload, the business would benefit from investors to expand. For example, they may want to open a third, non- local, office in Doncaster. By selling private shares, they can raise the capital to expand the business and also reduce the risk for shareholders with the benefit of Limited Liability. Another example of a partnership is the Yorkshire Dental practitioner Partnership- Holloway and Jones. This partnership is becoming very successful and has decided to change ownership to a Private Limited Company to raise enough capital from private investors to move the business to a more high-end business with its premises on Harley Street, London. Many other local partnerships exist as they tend to be small-scale businesses due to their unlimited liability. More examples of these include Lake and Marr (a local fish and chip shop) and Harvey and Scholl (a local newspaper shop) Limited Companies The definition of a Limited Company as a whole is that the ownership of the enterprise is divided into equal parts called shares- the owner of any number of shares is called a shareholder. The shareholders all have Limited Liability which means that the firm is liable for no more than the amount of capital that they have invested in the firm. There are two types of Limited company- Private Limited Companies (ltd) and Public Limited Companies (Plc.). The one difference between these two are that Ltd.’s only have private shareholders, (the shareholders must apply directly through the business to purchase shares) whereas Plc.’s are floated on the stock exchange and any member of the public may buy shares in it. Private Limited Companies- Usually small businesses such as petit independent stores, although shares can be sold directly to investors that have contacted the business and requested shares, the shares in this type of business do not float on the stock market therefore cannot be traded on the stock exchange. The obvious advantage of a Private Limited Liability Company is the financial security that comes with business. The Company’s shareholders will only be liable for any debt the company has got from capital invested in the business. This can provide a comfortable feeling of security for investors in the Company. Tax advantages for limited Companies are only taxed on their profits- this means that they are not subject to the much higher personal tax rates placed on sole traders or partnerships which can reach 40%. In the case of Private Limited Companies specifically, the Directors are also usually the main shareholders of the Company, thus both the ownership and control of the business remain in their hands. Decisions can be made quickly and easily, with little fuss, allowing for a more successful business management platform. Also, Ltd.’s are subject to restricted raising of capital. This means that they have a restricted amount of shares allowed to sell to raise capital. Why would a Private Limited Company go Public? The fundamental reason as to why Private Limited Companies go public is to raise capital. This is done by the owners selling their shares on the stock exchange to public investors and injecting their profits back into the business. Also, Public Limited Companies receive quite a lot of publicity which can be very beneficial if respectable. This publicity tends to come from analysts of the stock market and investors generally come to hear of it. Because of the simple one way money that Public Limited Companies receive from public investors, this means that the business can avoid borrowing capital from banks, private lenders etc., which must be paid back- usually with added Business Examples- Although various Private Limited Companies struggle to acquire capital from investorss of these are Virgin, Warburton’s and Littlewoods- all of these make a very large profit and, because they are able to choose who can invest into the business to purchase shares, they have fewer investors to share the profits with. Nevertheless, businesses such as Scunthorpe United FC may wish to change their ownership to Public to become more successful. This would be achieved by floating the business on the stock market, thus gaining capital to buy better players and ultimately ascend from the first division to the premiership. However it is risky as a takeover could occur similar to that of the takeover of Manchester United which floated on the Stock Market until Malcolm Glazer, already the owner of Tampa Bay Buccaneers at the time, bought over 50% of the shares and thusly took over the whole business. Pictured left is a memorandum of association for Nebulas Limited- a small Private Limited Company based in the Isle of Man. This, as with all Memoranda of Association, states the company’s name, the names of its shareholders and their number of shares, the location of its head office, the type of liability that the shareholders have, the objectives, and the authorized share capital (maximum price of securities that a business can legally give out).

The Rise of Public Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Rise of Public Education - Essay Example If any schooling was required, learning was best through father and son interaction. The system of education for the citizens (the professionals) is to learn under a reputable master, through experience, observation and experimentation. The best students are to progress on to higher learning. Aristotle, like Plato, believed that learning by experience is the better, and preferred, teaching method. They differ, however, on the government’s role. For Plato, government intervention begins when the citizen performs military or civil service at the age of twenty-five. Aristotle believed in a broader role for government. He proposed that children be commonly instructed, in publicly provided places, by government-appointed teachers. (Rit Nosotro) Americans assume that there have always been public schools in the US. Public education presupposes equal access for all, and converges with the democratic ideals that created the republic. Contrary to public belief, there was no public school system set up when the American Revolution triumphed. The people did not place the provision of education in the hands of government. There is even no mention of education in the Constitution. (Blumenfield 1999) American education historians consider the New England colonies of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire as the cradle of public education. Seventeenth century New England towns maintained common schools for children to learn to read. These common schools however differ from the present-day public schools because attendance was not compulsory, they were not publicly funded, and the more prevalent forms of learning was through private tutors and parents. Nevertheless, the New England common schools are considered as the precursor of public schools because law required them. Massachusetts had a law in 1647 that required providing education. Insuring that children learn to read and write were required for towns that had fifty

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response - Essay Example continuity: It is the only nation on earth that inhabits the same land, bears the same name, speaks the same language, and worships the same God that it did 3,000 years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To some extent Israel only regained its independence because of the guilt over the Holocaust. Because of the advancement of technologies, the Holocaust was documented through statistics, pictures, and some film footage. The difference in Australia was little tangible proof of the atrocities toward the Indigenous people, these people were terra nullius (no one lived there), and they were treated as â€Å"invisible†, living as hordes in tribal form. While Britain came building structures, setting rules, and demanding that the Indigenous people join their culture. As Israel, Charles highlighted, looks whole, even after being controlled and ruled by many empires, the Jews still kept their own culture. This culture was even recognized by the British. The difference is the publicity of the Holocaust versus the Indigenous Australians. Because society differ from one another, even if the societies seem to have some common features, such as their historical domination over indigenous populations and the processes by which older political ‘settlement’ are being unsettled in the recent years in the face of dynamic and renewed indigenous challenge. They are not distinguishable from other kinds of (post) colonial societies (Curthoys, p.20). 3. Do you agree with Curthoy’s argument that Australians resist coming to terms with their colonial past because they see themselves as victims? Yes. Australians see themselves as victims, not oppressors. In non-indigenous Australian popular culture, people see themselves as victims of ‘large economics forces, middle class elites and powerful nations overseas. An example we can see through such as WWII and Anzac Myth which Over 8,000 Australian soldiers were killed. News of the landing at Gallipoli made a profound impact on Australians at